What it means
A proper old British way to say someone looks ridiculously healthy, sturdy, and full of beans. Not just good-looking either. More that they seem well put together, glowing a bit, and nowhere near run down. It usually lands as a compliment, sometimes with a cheeky wink if you're saying it about someone looking especially robust.
Usage examples
"Gaz rocked up to five-a-side after two months off the booze, shoulders like a wardrobe. Absolute nuisance, fit as a butcher's dog."
"Dad came out of hospital after the hip replacement looking fit as a butcher’s dog, he is back on the allotment by the second week, threatening to mow the lawn and rake the leaves all in the same afternoon."
"My uncle is sixty-three this year and still fit as a butcher’s dog, plays five-a-side football on Tuesday nights with the lads of the rugby club, and never once complains about the bus ride home in the cold."
"You seen Maureen lately? Sixty-odd and still fit as a butcher's dog, marching up them hills like she's late for the pub."
"He came back from his holiday brown as toast and fit as a butcher's dog, acting like the gym had personally sponsored him."
Where it comes from
It’s been recorded in northern England since the late 19th century, especially around Lancashire. The picture is simple: a butcher’s dog would be well fed on scraps and offcuts, so it looked glossy, strong, and thriving. That’s why the phrase points to solid health and vigour, not just looks.